Sam+and+Jane


 * = Steps = || = Description = || = Pictures = || = Analysis = ||
 * = 1 = || * This is Copper (Cu)

 We started with 0.698g || ||   ||
 * = 2 = || * We put Nitric Acid (HNO₃) to the Copper (Cu).


 * Copper reacted with HNO₃, became Copper (II) nitrate (Cu (NO₃)₂).

|| ||   ||
 * = 3 = || *  Copper (II) nitrate (Cu (NO₃)₂) settled down,


 * We added water to Copper (II) nitrate (Cu (NO₃)₂). || [[image:Screen Shot 2013-04-25 at 2.20.55 PM.png width="353" height="509"]] ||  ||
 * = 4 = || * Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) was added to Copper (II) nitrate---(Cu (NO₃)₂).


 *  Cu (NO₃)₂ reacted with NaOH, turned into Copper(II)Hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂).

*2NaOH +Cu(NO₃)₂=Cu(OH)₂+2NaNO3

 * *As it reacts, Cu(OH)₂ changed its color (Blue – Black) and became solid. || [[image:Screen Shot 2013-04-25 at 2.24.27 PM.png width="640" height="422"]] [[image:Screen Shot 2013-04-25 at 2.25.10 PM.png width="475" height="580"]] ||  ||
 * = 5 = || * We added H2O into Copper(II)Hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂)

 :To make Cu(OH)₂ ’s  volume bigger.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">*easier to decant* <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> (doesn’t affect on result.) || ||   ||
 * = 6 = || <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">*Cu(OH)₂ -> CuO + H₂O

> __<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- This step's goal is to separate CuO from NO₃ and Na (flying in the water)- __
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">We decanted the <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;"> mixture Cu(OH)₂ + H2O to sperate them.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">* We did this step 3 times to lose less CuO. * || ||   ||
 * = 7 = || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to solid Copper (II)Oxide (CuO).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">+H2O also produced
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">CuO dissolves to become Copper(II)Chloride(CuCl)

*CuO+HCl =>CuCl2+H2O
*Color changes, black to light blue color || ||   ||
 * = 8 = || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">We added Base NaOH to CuCl to neutralize extra acid (HCl) in CuCl <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">.

- failed to neutralize extra Hydrochloric (HCl).
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-We assumed that our copper cycle went back to third reaction <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Cu(OH)₂ (Copper(I) oxide). || ||   ||
 * = 9 = || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">As a result of our failure, strange precipitate produced.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">>> compound's color was more green than blue, copper became <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">Cu(OH)₂ (Copper(I) oxide).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">(it contains many H, acid)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">Ph :around 3~4

__//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">>> Even though Ph was low, our compound was still precipitate. //__ || ||   ||
 * = 10 = || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">Our Precipitate settled.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">We added Na2SO4 (Sodium Sulfate)

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">- Precipitate dissolved <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">- Color change happened || ||   ||
 * = 11 = || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">CuCl2 (Copper(ii)Chloride) got separated from H2O.


 * F <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15.555556297302246px; line-height: 1.5;">ilter the heterogeneous mixture of CuCl2+H2O || [[image:image 11.59.39 AM.jpeg width="720" height="959"]] ||  ||